Jekyll And Hyde Character Analysis - 968 Words

Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, explores the duality of human nature. He writes this novel to show us that humans have split personalities, and that there are two sides to human’s personality: good and evil. In the late-Victorian literature, duality appears to be a common theme; serving as a way for modern readers to analyze late-Victorian literature and culture. Stevenson weaves throughout the novel a theme of duality + which appears in the characters of both Jekyll and Hyde as well as in Stevenson’s characterization of London itself. First, it is obvious that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is an example of duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Throughout the novel, the two characters are†¦show more content†¦The setting is also another way duality of human nature is shown throughout the novel. The streets that are walked by Utterson and Enfield are described to be ‘quiet’ and ‘empty’ which gives a sense of monotony, and dread. However, in the next few lines the streets are now busy with activity out of nowhere. As we can see, when these two ideas are compared next to each other, it creates tension within our minds as we are confused as to what is happening. However, the core principle remains the same, that even the very streets are described to be dual in their appearances. The description of Jekylls house is another example; it is described to have a great ‘air or wealth’ and the insides are described to be very ‘respectable’. This portrays Jekyll in a way, as he too is regarded to be respectable. However, there seems to be this hidden connection into a sinister block that lacks any window, and is described to be under serviced and ‘neglected’ as though it is some sort of person with feelings who will mind being ignored. However, the key point is that, as unlikely as it may seem, these two houses in fact share an inner connection, much like Jekyll and Hyde. Once again, there is a dual nature at play, which is in fact a prelude to the core theme in the book. The setting plays a major role in delivering this thoughts. We also see this idea of duality of human nature reflected in Chesterton’s article. In â€Å"The Real Stab of the Story†, he notes,Show MoreRelatedJekyll And Hyde Character Analysis708 Words   |  3 Pagespotions. Dr. Jekyll tried several things to stop the transformations, but nothing worked. He knew he would transform into Hyde permanently. The letter was his last conscious act as Dr. Jekyll. For this reason, Dr. Jekyll makes the decision to kill himself rather than allow Mr. Hyde liberate on the world. In the novel, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde focuses on a conception of humanity as dual in nature, although the theme does not emerge fully until the last chapter, when the complete storyRead MoreDr Jekyll And Mr Hyde Character Analysis1113 Words   |  5 Pagesjourney with the main character, Mr. Utterson, and his companion, Dr. Lanyon. The two men talk about their colleague Dr. Jekyll and this mysterious figure named Mr. Hyde. In doing this Stevenson introduces the four characters that prove to be pillars in the investigation and resolution of the book. Throughout the book we experience plenty of conflict between these four characters and society. Stevenson sets up the theme through the conflicts that arise between the characters in the book. In the endRead MoreDr. Jekyll s Death Or Disappearance Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesexamines Dr. Jekyll s will, which he remembers had strange stipulations referring to the Mr. Hyde Enfield discussed. The will provides that in t he case of Henry Jekyll s death or disappearance, all of his possessions should be given to the Edward Hyde. Utterson was uncomfortable when Jekyll originally requested this stipulation, and is further upset by it after hearing of Mr. Hyde s despicable behavior. After considering the implications of the will with what he has learned about Edward Hyde, UttersonRead MoreJekyll And Mr Hyde Deconstruction1359 Words   |  6 Pages In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson tells the story of a doctor who uses his medical and scientific knowledge to enable himself to do entirely as he pleases. Through Jekyll’s creation of his alter ego Hyde, Jekyll can do whatever he wants with no consequences. Ultimately, however, Hyde seems to overtake Jekyll, resulting in the death of both identities. For many readers, the final part of the story supplies satisfactory answers to enough of the questions toRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Wo rds   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreCharacter Analysis On Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde.Jean Paul1213 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Analysis on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Jean Paul Richter defines doppelgà ¤ngers as â€Å"people who see themselves.† One would think that such would be the case for the two main characters in the book The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, but it is quite the opposite (until the end of the novel when the reader finds out that the two main characters are in fact one). Dr. Jekyll creates Mr. Hyde in the hopes of expelling evilness and temptation from himself,Read MoreCharacter Sketch Of Dr. Jekyll1084 Words   |  5 Pages Character Sketch Dr. Jekyll is a complex character that requires deep analysis. We must attempt to get inside his head. What is he feeling? Why is he feeling this? What is he doing? Who is he? Through information taken from the book I will give a depiction of who Dr. Henry Jekyll is, what his motives are, and what he feels. To begin Dr. Jekyll is an older man, no distinct age can be given but the age of 45-60 seem to be an overlaying fact. He’s of good health and seems to have plenty of timeRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay557 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Everyone has heard of Jekyll and Hyde. The two infamous characters that portray the main roles in The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde. Yet, even with this phenomenal status of the book, surprisingly, not many people know what is really represented inside its pages. Firstly, to understand what made The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde a classical story known by young and old alike, we must look at where it began. AsRead MoreFrankenstein vs Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelop the story. Letters also help develop the plot of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde written by Robert Louis Stevenson, which is a story that depicts the mystery of Dr. Jekyll. Throughout the novel, one discovers that the evil character of Edward Hyde is a result of Henry Jekyll drinking a special potion; therefore making him change from Mr. Hyde into Dr. Jekyll. The letters in the novel help the reader discover the truth behind Dr. Jekyll and his true identity, as events in the story implement thisRead More dr jekyll and mr hyde Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages Jekyll and Hyde Analysis In this essay on the story of Jekyll and Hyde written by Robert Louis Stevenson I will try to unravel the true meaning of the book and get inside the characters in the story created by Stevenson. A story of a man battling with his double personality. In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Hyde becomes Jekylls demonic, monstrous alter ego. Certainly Stevenson presents him immediately as this from the outset. Hissing as he speaks, Hyde has quot;a kind of black sneering coolness .

Dark Romanticism By Edgar Allen Poe - 1625 Words

One of the biggest literary of all times was known as dark romanticism. This kind of literature comes from the darkness inside of a person. Many people who like this style are know to be obsessed with gothic nature. Dark Romanticism is also know to come from darkness in the human soul, original sin, and a dark outlook on society. Dark Romanticism is the complete opposite of romanticism. According to what is dark romanticism â€Å" Dark Romanticism is. A sort of genre threat combines traditional love objects, like visually heart shapes, cute Costumes, and cupids, with distinct elements of the gothic, such as the color black,animals familiar like cats and bats or other dark figures such as vampires and witchcraft†. This essay will bring to you information about dark romanticism and many literature artist who use this style of writing. Authors such as Edgar Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville quickly became the leaders or the Gothic style Literature. Prezi also goes onto say â€Å"a common setting for these stories would be ruined or abandoned castles, with old secret passages that lead to unknown places in the building. A common setting for Gothic stories would be in a ruined or abandoned castle that held a plethora of secret passageways for the narrator to explore†. One of the most well known Dark Romanticism Authors was Edgar Allen Poe. Poe often had a habit of putting dead or dying women in his work (Flattery 1). Some important facts to know about Edgar Allen PoeShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1651 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Romanticism/Transcendentalism Essay Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† and William Cullen Bryant’s â€Å"Thanatopsis† illustrate several Romantic and Transcendentalist (and anti-Transcendentalist) traits. All of these authors are regarded as very important and influential Romantic writers. Their works are renowned all across the entire world. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is a Gothic short story written by Edgar Allen Poe, whichRead MoreEssay on The Romantic Side of Edgar Allan Poe 1061 Words   |  5 Pageshas a trace of romanticism in it. Romanticism started around the 1800’s as a contradiction to rationalism. Rationalism was a thinking that attempted to use rational thinking and reason to solve the problems being faces at its time. Romanticism is basically the opposite of those thoughts. Romanticism is described as, a revolt against Rationalism that affected literatur e and the other arts, beginning in the late eighteenth century.(Elements of Literature, Page 1179). Romanticism bases its problemRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe And Nathaniel Hawthorne1705 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism was a literary movement that swept through virtually the country of Europe, the United States, and Latin America that lasted from 1750 to 1870. Romanticism praised imagination over reason, emotions over logic, and intuition over science-making ways for a vast body of literature. The Romantic style resembled a fanciful character of medieval romances. This Era stressed on self-expression and individual uniqueness that does not lend itself to precise definition. Among the characteristicsRead MoreRunning Head: Edgar Allen Poe 1. Edgar Allen Poe2. . .1286 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: EDGAR ALLEN POE 1 EDGAR ALLEN POE 2 Edgar Allen Poe Name Course Professor’s name Institution Date Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe is well recognized as the author of numerous great stories of suspense and horror. He also needs to be remembered as the single author who did help in establishing and developing the real contribution of the America to the actual literature of the world, the short-story form (Bagert, 2008). Poe was the initial writer who recognizedRead MoreSetting in The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe881 Words   |  4 PagesSetting in The Fall of the House of Usher Dark Romanticism was very popular in 19th century America. It is literary genre that emerged from Romanticism and Transcendentalism. Tenets of Transcendentalism included finding God in nature, and seeing beyond the physical world. Dark romanticism examines the conflict between good and evil and the psychological effect of sin and guilt in the human mind. One very famous Dark Romantic writer is Edgar Allen Poe. Poe is very well known for his many poems andRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of Literature1019 Words   |  5 Pagesbut examples of Romanticism can still be seen today. The Romantic authors most certainly had an impact on many artists to come. Edgar Allan Poe is often a name that comes to mind when discussing Romanticism and especially Dark Romanticism and for good reason. Poe exemplifies Romanticism and many examples can be seen in his work, such as the House of Usher. Some traits of Romanticism include high drama, pathetic fallacy, and shocking climax, which are a few pillars of the Romanticism style. These pillarsRead MoreThe Minister s Black Veil1211 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Romanticism, that is an interesting thing to use in a story to catch the reader s attention. What that is, is to elevate the imagination over reason. today Edgar Allen Poe remains popular for his hunting poems and suspenseful stories. American Romantic writers differ than the European romanticism writers. Declaration of Independence used a lot of American romanticism. The Declaration Of Independence is a very historical and important document. There were many great American Romanticism writersRead MoreThe Minister s Black Veil1212 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Romanticism, that is an interesting thing to use in a story to catch the reader s attention. What that is, is to elevate the imagination over reason. today Edgar Allen Poe remains popular for his hunting poems and suspenseful stories. American Romantic writers differ than the European romanticism writers. Declaration o f Independence used a lot of American romanticism. The Declaration Of Independence is a very historical and important document. There were many great American Romanticism writersRead MoreSymbolism Of The Raven By Edgar Allen Poe1045 Words   |  5 Pagesinvisible† (Morris). Symbolism increases the meaning of the story, as well as captivates the reader’s attention to a deeper degree. It encourages the reader to think and attempt to find the hidden meaning within the narrative itself. As a poet Edgar Allen Poe occupied his narratives with literary elements. Symbols become one of the most predominant elements in his works of literature. Consequently, in his concise poem â€Å"The Raven,† the literary element most noted by the reader is symbolism. CharactersRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Essay examples692 Words   |  3 PagesShort Stories + Terror = Poe American Romanticism brought a new era to America and American literature. Within literature of the Romanticism era came the development of the gothic novel. Edger Allen Poe is one of the well-known gothic authors which arose from this era. Throughout Poe’s career he wrote many short stories following one theory which he created - that every aspect of a short story should lead to one single effect. For Poe many of his stories have the single effect of terror. In Poe’s

Legal and Ethical Issuesin Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Australin Medical Association Code of Ethics ? Answer : Introduction The healthcare professionals are required to be registered and exercise good medical practice in Australia. The Australian medical Association Code of Ethics provides a guideline for the medical practitioners and the other healthcare professionals to maintain ethical and professional conduct in the field of medicine (Mason, Laurie Smith, 2013). This essay discusses the standard of care the healthcare team is expected to exercise towards the patients. It also entails about the significance of a valid consent and the legal consequence that may arise in case of committing breach of a valid consent. The medical practitioners must inform the patients about the treatment to be undertaken and must obtain valid consent prior to the commencement of the treatment depending on the decision making capacity of the patient. In case, a patient lacks decision making capacity, decision may be made by the family or carer or any person authorised by the patient or tribunal for the same. Under section 32 N of the Guardianship and Management of Property Act 1991, a healthcare professional may provide urgent medical treatment to a patient under the Common law. The ethical principle of autonomy which states that a patient has the right to give consent or refuse to medical treatment and the healthcare professionals must respect the same. The courts have also recognised the principle that an adult patient has a right to inform the healthcare professional that they would wish to refuse the medical treatment in case he or she becomes incapable to give consent or make any decision regarding their medical treatment. In Contemporary ethics, the principle of autonomy has also been recognised (Laurie, Harmon Porter, 2016). Legal issues According to the Medical Board of Australia, no treatment shall be undertaken without obtaining a valid consent of the patient (Gough, 2014). As per the NSW Health Patient Charter every patient must be well explained about the treatment options applicable for him or her and consent must be obtained from the patient except under emergency circumstances where the law states that the patient must be treated without his or her consent (Foy, 2015). Moreover, a competent patient has a right to refuse to undergo any medical treatment and the healthcare professionals must respect their decisions. The High Court of Australia has introduced this principle in the Marions case where a competent person may refuse to medical treatment irrespective of the fact whether such decision is rational or irrational (Drazen, Solomon Greene, 2013). If such patient is treated, it would amount to battery or assault. Such refusal must be specific and given freely, however, if there is a change in the circumsta nces of the patient, such refusal shall not continue to be valid and may require confirmation. In the mentioned case, Edward did not specifically refuse medical treatment and moreover, there was a change in his medical condition which invalidates his refusal. Therefore, the paramedics are legally authorised to treat Edward for his Diabetic coma. In order to obtain a valid consent, the healthcare professionals must ensure that the criteria for a valid consent is fulfilled as stipulated by the Medical Board of Australia under the Code of Good Ethical Conduct for Doctors. Firstly, the person giving consent must be competent to give such consent that is the person must be competent to understand the consequence of undergoing the treatment. Secondly, such consent must be given voluntarily and not under any coercion, fraud or misrepresentation. Thirdly, it must be specific and must be given after detailed information about the treatment options is provided to the patient. Lastly, the patient must be given adequate time for deliberation. If any patient is treated without obtaining his or her valid consent, such treatment shall amount to battery or an assault that is an offence of trespass for which the patient may initiate criminal or civil proceedings against the medical practitioner committing such offence (Browning, Bigby Dougl as, 2014). According to section 33(2) of the Guardianship Act, a patient is incapable of giving a valid consent if such patient is incompetent to understand the information and the implications of the treatment. Under such circumstances the Act stipulates that treatment may be provided to the patient if the medical practitioner considers it necessary to prevent the patient from any serious damage or to save his or her life. In the given case, Edward lacked capacity to make decisions and it was a medical emergence, therefore; the healthcare providers may treat him as they considered it necessary to save his life. However, the healthcare providers must ensure that the decision made on his behalf is in the best interest of Edward. The Guardianship Act 1990 lays down the provisions for making treatment related decisions for people who are incapable of making their own decisions owing to any intellectual disability or brain injury etc. The Act lays down options which enable the healthcare providers to obtain consent for treating the patients who lack decision making capacity (Khoury Khoury, 2015). The Act allows an enduring guardian to make decision on behalf of Edward. The Act also permits the appointment of substitute decision-makers by the State Administrative Tribunal. Such person appointed by the State Tribunal is called a Guardian (Barry Sage-Jacobson, 2015). Part 9D and sections 110ZJ and 110ZD of the Act lays down the course of action to be followed by the health professional in order to obtain treatment decision for Edward. In the given case, the two substitute decision makers are Edwards wife and his mother in law, Una. However, there is a disagreement between the two of them regarding the withdrawal of the life-sustaining measures of Edward. Under such circumstances, the healthcare professionals must follow the decision which is in the best interest of Edward as the basic concern of the Guardianship Act 1990 to allow the appointment of substitute decision maker is to promote best interest of the patient lacking decision making capacity. The decision relating to the withdrawal of the life-sustaining measures signifies the stage where it has become evident that a patient is not receiving any benefit from the life sustaining measures that are being proposed to be withdrawn (Mark et al., 2015). In the given case, in order to take the decision regarding withdrawal of the life sustaining measures, the factors that must be taken into consideration are that the medical treatment is no more beneficial for Edward; that the continuation of the treatment shall not be in the best interest of Edward. Further, the wish of the patient, when he had capacity, must also be considered (Johnstone, 2015). In this case, Edward had previously expressed his wish to his wife that he does not want to live in a condition where he is unable to take care of himself and would want her to turn off the life sustaining machines. Furthermore, the interest of other people shall not be taken into consideration; it is only the best interest of the patie nt must be determined while withdrawing the life sustaining measures (Willmott et al., 2014). Ethical issues Under the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) two principles that may be applied in the given scenario are the principle of Benefit and Harm stipulated under Article 4 and the principle relating to the lack of capacity to consent of a person laid down under Article 7. Article 4 of the UBDHR entitles every person to be free from intentional harm. This article is based on the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence which implies that the healthcare providers must provide such treatment which maximizes benefit and minimizes the harm (Pieper Thomson, 2016). In the given scenario, the healthcare team provided Edward with every possible treatment in order to avoid any harm but unfortunately, he suffered hypoxic brain injury. The healthcare team also stated that Edward was in a condition where the life sustaining measure will not benefit him anymore as there is no chance of him to recover. Article 7 states that when a person is incapable of making decisions, any medical procedure or treatment must be conducted only in the best interest or for the benefit of the patient (Flannery, Ramjan Peters, 2016). In the given scenario, Edward was lacked decision-making capacity and Genevieve and Una were his substitute decision makers therefore while making any medical related decision on behalf of Edward, they must ensure that it is in the best interest of Edward. In the given scenario, conflict may arise between the above-mentioned principles as the principle of benefit and harm states that the healthcare professionals must provide such medical treatment which minimizes the harm and maximizes good of the patient. Now, before applying this principle, the doctors must provide detail information about the treatment procedures to the patient and the decision taken by the patient shall be final as a competent patient is entitled to make his own medical decision whether to consent or refuse the medical treatment (Hattingh, 2015). However, in the given scenario, since Edward lacks decision making capacity, the substitute decision makers are entitled to make medical decision on his behalf. Now, as per the condition of Edward the healthcare team have declared that there is no chance of recovery and that the life sustaining measures are not providing any benefit to him therefore it must be withdrawn to relieve him of the pain. However, una believes tha t he has a chance of recovery and disagrees with the healthcare team and Genevieve. Under such circumstances, on one hand the healthcare providers are under legal obligation to provide treatment that minimizes harm to the patient while on the other hand they suggested withdrawing the life sustaining measures which may cause death of Edward. Nevertheless, Edward also did not wish to live on the life sustaining measures and the patients wish and it is the best interest of the patient that must be considered to withdraw the life sustaining measures and not the interest of any other person. In order to address the ethical conflict arising in the given case study, Kerridge model of resolving ethical dilemma may be applied here. The healthcare providers must ensure that the patient is prevented from any harm and must respect the decisions taken by the patient and in this case where Edward lacks decision making capacity, the decision of the substitute decision makers. In the mentioned case, the ethical dilemma is between Edwardss wife and the healthcare team who are of the opinion that since there is no sign of recovery, the life sustaining measures are not providing benefit to him whereas Una disagrees with them against the withdrawal of the life sustaining measures. Now the decision related to extending life by providing life sustaining measures is always not beneficial for the patient. Benefit in terms of health refers to concept like progress, recovery, pain relief etc. However, these concepts have different degrees of benefits (Doran et al., 2015). Here, the life sust aining measures was not providing any benefit to Edward as there is no chance of him to recover and circumstances that might cause more harm than benefit to patient especially when the patient is under pain, the healthcare team must consider and weigh up carefully all the factors that are related to the patients quality of life. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that the healthcare providers must treat the patients honestly, compassionately and respect their integrity, culture, values and beliefs. The medical practitioners are under legal and ethical obligation to provide appropriate treatment to the patients in the best interest of the patients (Tilse et al., 2014). In order to determine the best interest of the patients, the healthcare professionals must consider several factors that are relevant to the best interest of the patients and the factors may vary from one patient to another. The medical practitioners must be cautious about their obligations and procedures as they tend to influence the decisions of the patients. Sometimes, the decisions relating to the life-sustaining measures often become subject to ethical conflicts between the society expectations, rights of the patients and the medical obligation of the healthcare professionals. The medical practitioners must put in efforts to ens ure that a balance is maintained between the obligations and the duties imposed by the rights and duties and that decisions are made based on reasonable ethical principles and is in the best interest of the patients. Reference list Barry, L., Sage-Jacobson, S. (2015). Human Rights, Older People and Decision Making in Australia. Browning, M., Bigby, C., Douglas, J. (2014). Supported decision making: Understanding how its conceptual link to legal capacity is influencing the development of practice.Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities,1(1), 34-45. Doran, E., Fleming, J., Jordens, C., Stewart, C. L., Letts, J., Kerridge, I. H. (2015). Managing ethical issues in patient care and the need for clinical ethics support.Australian Health Review,39(1), 44-50. Drazen, J. M., Solomon, C. G., Greene, M. F. (2013). Informed consent and SUPPORT. Flannery, L., Ramjan, L. M., Peters, K. (2016). End-of-life decisions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Exploring the experiences of ICU nurses and doctorsA critical literature review.Australian Critical Care,29(2), 97-103. Foy, M. A. (2015). Informed consent.Bone Joint J,97(9), 1159-1161. Gough, I. R. (2014). The significance of Good Medical Practice: a code of conduct for doctors in Australia.Med J Aust,200(200), 148-149. Hattingh, L. (2015). Pharmacy legal: Legal issues involved in patient or client consent.Australian Pharmacist,34(8), 68. Johnstone, M. J. (2015).Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences. Khoury, B. S., Khoury, J. N. (2015). Consent: a practical guide.Australian dental journal,60(2), 138-142. Laurie, G., Harmon, S., Porter, G. (2016).Mason and Mccall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics. Oxford University Press. Mark, N. M., Rayner, S. G., Lee, N. J., Curtis, J. R. (2015). Global variability in withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.Intensive care medicine,41(9), 1572-1585. Mason, K., Laurie, G., Smith, A. M. (2013).Mason and McCall Smith's law and medical ethics. Oxford University Press. Pieper, I., Thomson, C. J. (2016). Beneficence as a principle in human research.Monash Bioethics Review,34(2), 117-135. Tilse, C., Wilson, J., White, B., Willmott, L., McCawley, A. L. (2014). Enduring Powers of Attorney: Promoting attorneys' accountability as substitute decision makers.Australasian journal on ageing,33(3), 193-197. Willmott, L., White, B., Smith, M. K., Wilkinson, D. (2014). Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in a patients best interests: Australian judicial deliberations.Med J Aust,201(9), 545-547.